Short Answer Questions

1. Endodontic microflora.
2. Classification of microorganisms.
   
3. Types of culture medium.
   
4. Microorganisms in primary endodontic infections.
   
5. Smear layer in endodontics.
   
6. Portals of entry for microorganisms.
   

2M Questions

1. Microbial ecosystem of root canal.
   
2. Biofilm.

Diagnostic methods in Endodontics

Short Answer Questions

1. Objective findings.
   
2. Diagnostic methods.
   
3. Pulp vitality test.
   
4. Thermal test.
   
5. Electric pulp testing.
   
6. Recent advances in pulp vitality testing.
   
7. Newer caries detection methods.
   
8. Diagnosis of dental caries.
   
9. Electronic apex locators.
   
10. Role of radiographs in endodontics.
    
11. Digital dental radiography.
    
12. Role of Ultrasonics in Endodontics.
    

1. Transillumination test.
   
2. Percussion test.
   
3. Laser doppler flowmetry.
   
4. SLOB rule.
   
5. Buccal object rule.
   
6. Bite-wing radiograph.
   
7. Ultrasonics in endodontics.

Internal anatomy of pulp space and periapex

Long Answer Questions

1. Internal anatomy of mandibular 1st molar.
   

1. Major and minor apical diameter.
   
2. Root canal classification.
   
3. Root canal anatomy of maxillary first molar.
   
4. Describe the internal anatomy of the maxillary first premolar.
   

1. Root apex.
   
2. C-shaped canal.

Endodontic instruments

Long Answer Questions

1. Endodontic instruments.
   
2. Classification of instruments.
   
3. Classify endodontic instruments and write in detail about their standardization.
   
4. Classify instruments used for root canal preparation. Explain the standardization of endodontic instruments.
   
5. Classify endodontic instruments and write in detail about their standardization.

Short Answer Questions

1. Group 1 hand operated instruments..
   
2. Hand operated endodontic instruments.
   
3. Hand cutting instruments.
   
4. Standardization of instruments.
   
5. Instrument formula for operative hand instruments.
   
6. Surgical microscope in endodontics.
   
7. Surgical operating microscope.
   
8. Ultrasonics in endodontics.
   
9. Role of rubber dam in isolation.
   
10. Sterilization of endodontic instruments.
    

2M Answer Questions

1. Ultrasonic Scalers.
   
2. Gates glidden drills.
   
3. H files.
   
4. Peeso Reamers.
   
5. Reamers and files.
   
6. K files.
   
7. Ni-Ti files.
   
8. Spreaders and pluggers.
   
9. Retraction cords.
   
10. Glass bead sterilizer.

Access cavity preparation

Long Answer Questions

1. Define access cavity preparation and write a note on objectives of access cavity preparation and discuss the armamentarium for the same..
   
2.  Discuss principles of access cavity preparation and write in detail about access cavity preparation for a maxillary central incisor.
3. Enumerate various methods of working length determination and discuss the significance of working length in endodontics.
   
4. Access cavity preparation, definition, objectives, instruments for preparation, guidelines, laws of access cavity preparation.
   
5. Explain the principles and objectives of access cavity preparation. Mention the steps of access cavity for maxillary central incisor.
   
6. Access cavity preparation for maxillary molars.
   

Working length determination (WLD)

Long Answer Questions

1. Define working length, mention various methods of Estimation of Working length and write in detail about Ingle's method.
   
2. Working length determination, definition, significance of WL, different methods of WL determination.
   
3. Ingle's method of WL determination.

Short Answer Questions

1. Electronic apex locators.
   
2. Third generation apex locators.

Cleaning and shaping

Long Answer Questions

1. Balanced force technique.
   
2. Discuss root canal shaping techniques.
   
3. Step back technique.
   
4. Crown down technique.
   
5. Enumerate different techniques of biomechanical preparation and write in detail about the step-back technique.
   
6. Write about the standardization of root canal instruments. Write the indications, advantages, and procedure of step-back technique of preparation of root canal.

Short Answer Questions

1. Objectives of biomechanical preparation.
   
2. Principles of canal instrumentations.
   
3. Difference between step back and crown down.
   
4. Discuss rotary endodontics.
   
5. Errors in cleaning and shaping of the root canal system.
   
6. Ideal requirements of endodontic irrigant.
   
7. Recent advances in irrigation.
   
8. List the irrigating solutions and their ideal requirements.
   
9. Enumerate the various root canal irrigants.

2M Answer Questions

1. EDTA
   
2. Watch winding.

Irrigants

Short Answer Questions

1. Ideal requirements of endodontic irrigant.
   
2. Recent advances in irrigation.
   
3. List the irrigating solutions and their ideal requirements.
   
4. Enumerate the various root canal irrigants.

1. What are the functions of irrigants?
   
2. Chlorhexidine.
   
3. Hydrogen peroxide and chelating agents.

Intracanal medication

Long Answer Questions

1. What are the methods of Disinfection of the root canal? Write in detail about antiseptic intracanal.

Short Answer Questions

1. Intracanal Medicaments.

2M Questions

1. Chelating agents.
   
2. Calcium hydroxide.

Obturation of root canal system

Long Answer Questions

1. Obturation techniques.
   
2. Thermoplasticized injectable gutta percha obturation.
   
3. Lateral compaction technique of obturation.
   

Short Answer Questions

1. Root canal sealers.
   
2. Materials used for obturation.
   
3. Gutta Percha.
   
4. Warm vertical compaction technique.
   
5. McSpadden compaction.

Post and core

Short Answer Questions

1. Factors to be considered while planning post and core.
   

1. Ferrule effect.

Endodontic Mishaps

Short Answer Questions

1. Procedural errors.
   
2. Inadequately cleaned and shaped root canal system.
   
3. Management of coronal third preparation.
   
4. Instrument separation.
   
5. Hypochlorite accident and management.
   

1. Zipping.
   
2. Messerann kit.

Vital Pulp therapy

Short Answer Questions

1. Direct and indirect pulp capping.
   
2. Discuss the indications and contraindications of direct pulp capping.

Pulpotomy

Short Answer Questions

1. Discuss indications and contraindications pulpotomy.
   

1. Pulpotomy.

Apexogenisis and apexification

Long Answer Questions

1. Write definition and rationale of apexification procedure. Describe apexification procedure with MTA.
   
2. Management of open apex in a non-vital tooth.
   

Short Answer Questions

1. MTA
   

2M Questions

1. Apexogenesis.
   
2. Apexification.

Avulsed tooth

Short Answer Questions

1. Indications and procedure of intentional
   reimplantation.
   
2. Management of avulsed tooth.
   

2M Questions

1. Transport medium for avulsed tooth.
   
2. Replantation.

Surgical Endodontics

Long Answer Questions

1. Flap designs and incisions.
   

Short Answer Questions

1. Root end resection/apicoectomy.
   
2. Retrograde filling materials.
   

2M Questions

1. Incision and drainage.
   
2. Partsch incision.
   
3. Ochsenbein- luebke flap.
   
4. Hemisection, bicuspidization.

Endodontic emergency

Long Answer Questions

1. Enumerate endodontic emergencies and write in detail about the management of Acute Alveolar abscesses.
   

Short Answer Questions

1. Classification of endodontic emergencies.
   
2. Management of avulsed tooth.
   
3. Cracked tooth syndrome.

Lasers in Endodontics

Short Answer Questions

1. Lasers in endodontics.
   
2. Application of lasers in endodontics.

Radiographs in Endodontics

2M Questions

1. SLOB rule.

Single visit endodontics

Short Answer Questions

1. Single visit endodontics.

Endo-perio lesions

Short Answer Questions

1. Classification of endo-perio lesions.

Miscellaneous

Long Answer Questions

1. Etiology, classification and management of discoloured teeth.
   
2. Discuss the etiology of tooth discoloration. Mention the various bleaching agents, and describe nightguard vital bleaching in detail.
   
3. Bleaching agents.
   
4. Classification of dentofacial injuries.
   
5. Etiology of traumatic injuries.

Short Answer Questions

1. Intra canal medicaments.
   
2. Endodontic implants.
   
3. Non-vital bleaching techniques.
   
4. Intrinsic stains.
   
5. Night guard bleaching.
   
6. Bleaching of nonvital teeth.
   
7. Walking bleaching.
   
8. Inoffice bleaching.
   
9. Root fractures.
   
10. Luxation injuries.
    
11. Types of Splints.
    
12. Mouth guard.
    
13. Indications and contraindications of endodontic surgery.
    

2M Questions

1. Grossman's sealer.
   
2. AH 26
   
3. AH plus.
   
4. External root resorption.
   
5. Inflammatory root resorption.
   
6. Carbamide peroxide.