Orthodontics - previous year questions

Introduction to orthodontics

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define Orthodontics and its branches. Discuss in detail the unfavaourable sequlae of Maloccusion.
  2. Define Malocclusion and list out Jackson's triad. Discuss in detail Ackerman – Profit classification.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Goals of orthodontics.
  2. Adult Orthodontics.


Growth and Development

Long Answer Questions

  1. Clinical implications of Growth and development.
  2. Define growth? Enumerate the different theories of growth and explain in detail on function matrix theory.
  3. Discuss Pre-natal and Post-natal growth of palate and its clinical implications.
  4. Explain the Post Natal Growth of Mandible in detail. Add a note on growth Spruts and their Importance.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Cephalocaudal gradient of growth.
  2. Synchondroses.
  3. Functional Matrix Theory.
  4. Sicher's Sutural Theory.
  5. Functional Matrix Theory.
  6. Intramembranous and Endochondral ossification.
  7. Sutural vs cartilagenous theory.
  8. Cartilaginous theory.
  9. Growth spurts.
  10. Clinical importance of Growth Spurts.
  11. Meckel's cartilage.
  12. Nasal septal cartilage.
  13. Safety valve mechanism.
  14. Methods of studying growth.
  15. Scammon's growth curve.


Development of dentition

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define occlusion and discuss the development of occlusion from birth till the eruption of permanent second molar.
  2. Write in detail about development of dentition. Tabulate the chronology of eruption of permanent and deciduous dentition.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Ugly duckling stage.
  2. Causes of canine impaction.
  3. Broadbent Phenomenon.


Functional Development

Short Answer Questions

  1. What is an Ideal orthodontic force? Write the effects of optimal and higher force levels.
  2. Benninghoff’s lines.
  3. Trajectories of forces.
  4. Optimum Orthodontic Force.
  5. Wolff’s law.


Malocclusion

Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain in detail about Angle’s Classification of Malocclusion along with its merits and demerits.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Local etiological factors of Malocclusion.
  2. Etiology of malocclusion.
  3. Simon’s classification of malocclusion.


Orthodontic Diagnostic aids

Long Answer Questions

  1. Classify essential diagnostic aids. Explain the importance, preparation and uses of study models.
  2. What are the various Diagnostic Aids? Write in detail about Study Models.

Short Answer Questions

  1. CBCT in orthodontics.


Habits

Long Answer Questions

  1. What is trident of habits, classify habits and explain in detail about diagnosis and management of tongue thrusting.
  2. Define habits and discuss in detail tongue thrusting habit, giving a note on etiology, classification and management.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Dunlop beta hypothesis.
  2. Write a note on thumb sucking and its management.
  3. Tongue thrusting habit.
  4. Tongue blade therapy.
  5. 4S in tongue thrusting management.
  6. Mouth Breathing.


Cephalometrics

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define cephalostat. Explain in detail the importance of hand wrist radiographs in orthodontics.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Poorman’s cephalometric analysis.
  2. ANB angle.
  3. Nasolabial angle and clinical importance.
  4. Bilateral cephalometric landmarks.
  5. Cephalometric landmarks.
  6. Down’s Cephalometric analysis.
  7. Tweed’s Cephalometric analysis.
  8. Steiner’s Analysis.
  9. Tweeds Diagnostic Triangle.
  10. Hand wrist radiograph.
  11. Cervical vertebrae.


Model Analysis

Short Answer Questions

  1. Importance and uses of study models.
  2. Study models.
  3. Alginate.
  4. Bolton’s Analysis.
  5. Arch Perimeter analysis.
  6. Moyers mixed dentition analysis.


Biology of tooth movement

Long Answer Questions

  1. List out the theories of tooth eruption and discuss the development of Occlusion from birth till 12 years of age.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Undermining Resorption.
  2. Hyalinisation
  3. Phases of tooth movement.
  4. Types of tooth movement.
  5. Bodily movement of tooth.
  6. Controlled and uncontrolled tipping.
  7. Controlled tipping.
  8. Tissue changes to orthodontic force.


Anchorage

  1. Long Answer Questions
      1. Define Orthodontic Anchorage. List the anatomical structures that are used a source of Anchorage. Describe with suitable clinical examples, any one extra oral anchorage and any two intraoral anchorage.
    1. Define Anchorage, classify and write in detail about each.
    2. Define Anchorage, classify and write in detail about Extra Oral Anchorage.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Reciprocal anchorage.
    2. Bakers anchorage.
    3. Reinforced anchorage.
    4. Cortical anchorage.


    Interceptive orthodontics

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Define orthodontics and name the branches of Orthodontics. Enumerate various methods of Interceptive Orthodontics.
    2. Define Interceptive Orthodontics and write in detail about serial extraction.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Indications of serial extraction.
    2. Active space maintainer.

    2M Questions

    1. Balanced extraction.


    Methods of gaining space

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Explain the different methods of gaining space in orthodontic treatment.
    2. Enumerate various metrhods of gaining space in Othodontics. Write in detail about proximal stripping.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Quad Helix.
    2. Rapid maxillary expansion.

    Orthodontic Appliance

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Upper Hawley’s Appliance.
    2. Software applications in orthodontics.


    Removable appliance

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Discuss in detail about Adams Clasp, design and construction and
      its various modifications in Orthodontics.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Frankel Appliance.
    2. Finger Spring.
    3. Self supported springs.
    4. Canine retractors.
    5. Labial bows.


    Fixed Appliance

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Active parts of fixed appliances.
    2. Austenitic Stainless Steel.
    3. 18-8 Stainless steel.
    4. Types of stainless steel and its usage in orthodontics.
    5. Classify orthodontic springs and write about “Guided springs”.
    6. Anterior Bite plane.
    7. Fixed functional appliance.
    8. Hyrax.

    2M Questions

    1. Nitinol.


    Orthopedic appliance

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Reverse pull headgears.
    2. Head Gears.
    3. Cervical pull headgear.
    4. Facemask.
    5. Chin cup.


    Myofunctional appliances

    Long Answer Questions

    1. What are Myo- functional Appliances? Classify them. On what principles do Myo- functional Appliances work? Describe in details about indications, design and working principle of any one functional Appliance.
    2. What are functional appliances? Explain the mechanism of action of functional appliances and write in detail about Functional Regulator 1b.
    3. What are functional appliances? Explain the mechanism of action of functional appliances and write in detail about Functional Regulator 2 appliance.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Oral screen.
    2. Lip Bumper.
    3. Activator.
    4. Bionator.
    5. Twin block Appliance.


    Description and Management of some common Malocclusion

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Write about etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of class II division I Malocclusion in a growing child.
    2. Define Malocclusion. Write in detail about clinical features of Class II Division 1 malocclusion along with its management.
    3. Define Malocclusion and write about Angle’s classification and how will you differentiate between true class III and Pseudo class III?
    4. Discuss the clinical features and managemnt of class III malocclusion.
    5. Classify etiology of malocclusion. Describe the role of mouth breathing in development of open bite.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. High attachment of upper Labial frenum.
    2. Midline diastema.
    3. Pseudo class III.
    4. Facial and cephalometric features of skeletal Class III discrepancy.
    5. Class III Malocclusion-clinical features.
    6. Mandibular prognathism.
    7. Open Bite.
    8. Anterior open bite.
    9. Anterior Cross bite.
    10. Methods to correct posterior cross bite.
    11. Management of Crossbite.
    12. Skeletal and Dental Deep bites.
    13. Deep bite.
    14. Cleft lip and Palate.
    15. Etiology of cleft palate.

    Surgical Orthodontics

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Supracrestal Fibrotomy.
    2. Pericision.
    3. Principles of surgical orthodontics.
    4. Microimplants.
    5. Implants in Orthodontics.


    Retention and Relapse

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Define retention, enumerate various theories of retention.
    2. Discuss Pre-natal and Post-natal growth of palate and its clinical implications.
    Short Answer Questions

    1. Causes of relapse.
    2. Rotational relapse.
    3. Permanent retention.
    4. Removable retainers.
    5. Aesthetic retainers.
    6. Retention appliances.
    7. Essix retainer.

    Lab procedures

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Soldering.
    2. Solder and flux.
    3. Flux and Anti flux.

    MISCELLANEOUS

    Long Answer Questions

    1. Define preventive orthodontics. Explain the different procedures undertaken in preventive orthodontics.
    2. Define and classify Functional Appliances. Discuss in detail Mechanism of action of Functional Appliances.

    Short Answer Questions

    1. Adenoid facies.
    2. Muscle Exercise.
    3. Accelerated orthodontics.
    4. Inclined planes.
    5. Genetic disorders.
    6. Operant Conditioning.
    7. Pressure – Tension Theory.
    8. Primary and secondary displacement.
    9. Extraoral traction.
    10. Orthognathic surgery.
    11. Preadjusted edge wise appliance.
    12. Piezo-electric theory.

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