PHARMACOLOGY -PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

2.Write disadvantages of Intravenous routes.

3.Mention advantages and disadvantages of sublingual route.

4.Two drugs administered by sub-cutaneous route.

5.Two drugs administered by inhalation route.

6.Add a note on parental drug administration.

7.Add a note on transdermal route.

8.Special drug delivery system.

DRUG METABOLISM

Long Answer Question

1.Discuss the various ways by which drugs are metabolized in our body with examples. Write the factors that alter the rate of metabolism.

Short Answer Question

1.Describe drug metabolism with two drugs which get activated after metabolism.

2M Questions

1.Discuss first pass metabolism

BIOAVAILABILITY,BIO TRANSFORMATION

Long Answer Questions

1.Explain Bioavailability and describe the various factors affecting it.

2.Define Biotransformation with examples and add a note on the different reactions involved and on its clinical importance.

2M Questions

1.Biotransformation

2.Define bioavailability with four factors affecting it.

3.Define bioavailability and write mechanism of action of drug.

METHODS OF PROLONGING EFFECTS OF DRUG

Long Answer Questions

1.Mention the different methods which prolongs the duration of action of a drug.

Short Answer Question

1.Write in detail about prodrug with examples.

FACTORS THAT MODIFY DRUG DOSAGE AND ACTION

Long Answer Question

1.Discuss various factors that modify the dosage and action of drugs

PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DRUGS

Long Answer Question

1.Write the mechanism of drug action with examples.

PLACEBO

2M Question

1.Placebo

DRUG ANTAGONISM

Short Answer Question

1.Define drug antagonism with suitable examples

2.Explain briefly about physiological antagonism

SYNERGISM

2M Question

1.Note on Synergism

TACHYPHYLAXIS

2M Question

1.Mention drugs that cause tachyphylaxis

Short Answer Question

1.Note on Tachyphylaxis

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

Long Answer Questions

1.Define adverse drug reaction. Mention various adverse drug reactions with examples. Explain the treatment of poisoning.

2.Explain adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, drug nomenclature and essential drug concept.

TERATOGENECITY

Short Answer Questions

1.Teratogenicity

1.Define cholinergic drugs. Classify with suitable examples and write briefly about their MOA, uses and adverse effects of Neostigmine.

Short Answer Questions

1.Mention the rationale of using cholinergic drugs in urinary retention.

2M Questions

1.Mention the use of pilocarpine in glaucoma.

2.Rationale of using pilocarpine in glaucoma.

NEOSTIGMINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Compare and contrast Neostigmine. Organophosphorus poisoning.

2.Describe Neostigmine and mention their uses and adverse effects.

3.Explain why Neostigmine is preferred to physostigmine in myasthenia gravis.

2M Questions

1.Rationale of using neostigmine in myasthenia gravis.

NEOSTIGMINE vs PHYSOSTIGMINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Why Physostigmine is used in atropine poisoning with examples?

ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS POISONING

Long Answer Questions

1.Explain the rationale of using oximes in organophosphates poisoning.

Short Answer Question

1.Discuss what are the organophosphorus compounds and mention their treatment.

2M Questions

1.Name two drugs used in organophosphate poisoning.

2.Mention the role of oximes in organophosphorus poisoning.

ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Questions

1.Classify anti-cholinergic drugs. Write MOA, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of Atropine.

2.Classify anti-cholinergic drugs. Explain pharmacology and uses of Atropine. Add a note on symptoms and treatment of atropine poisoning.

ATROPINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Mention the uses adverse effects of Atropine.

2.Atropine substitute

2M Questions

1.Atropine uses and toxicities

2.Name the atropine substitutes used as mydriatics.

3.Mention the rationale of using atropine in the organophosphorous compound poisoning

SCOPOLAMINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Compare scopalamine and atropine

2M Question

1.Explain the use of scopolamine (hyoscine) in motion sickness.

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM AND DRUGS

Long Answer Questions

1.Describe adrenergic drugs. Compare and contrast adrenaline and dopamine in detail.

2.Classify adrenergic vasopressor. Write pharmacological action of adrenaline on the smooth muscle of eye, blood vessel,and branches. Name their four uses of adrenaline and mention their routes.

SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS

Long Answer Questions

1.Ennumerate sympathomimetics. Mention their therapeutic uses and adverse effects of adrenaline.

ADRENALINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Note on uses of Adrenaline in dentistry

2.Define Adrenaline and add a brief note on its therapeutic uses, dose and route of administration.

3.Adrenaline and dopamine

4.Adrenaline and histamine.

2M Questions

1.Adrenaline as hemostatic

ADRENALINE IN ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

2M Question

1.Adrenaline in Anaphylaxis.

ADRENALINE vs NORADRENALINE

2M Question

1.Explain why adrenaline increases heart rate but noradrenaline decreases.

LIGNOCAINE+ADRENALINE

2M Question

1.Rationale of using the combination of adrenaline and lignocaine in local anesthesia.

DOPAMINE

Short Answer Question

1.Explain why dopamine is preferred in cardiogenic shock.

2M Question

1.Explain what is dopamine? Write its uses and routes of administration.

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM AND DRUGS

BETA BLOCKERS- CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Questions

1.Beta adrenergic blocking drugs. Cardio selective beta blockers. Therapeutic uses of anti cholinergic drugs. Classify beta blockers. Write in detail about actions, uses and adverse reactions of propranolol.

2.Classify beta blockers. Write pharmacological action and uses and adverse effects of any one of them.

3.Ennumerate beta blockers. Explain their pharmacological actions, uses and adverse effects of propranolol.

Short Answer Question

1.Classify beta blockers. Write pharmacological action and uses and adverse effects of any one of them.

2M Question

1.Name two beta receptor blockers and their uses.

PROPANOLOL

2M Question

1.Write a note on Propranolol.

ALPHA ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS

Short Answer Questions

1.Discuss alpha adrenergic blocking agents.

BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS

Long Answer Questions

1.Classify beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Mention their pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses.

2M Questions

1.Adverse effects of beta adrenoreceptor blockers.

CARDIO SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS

2M Questions

1.Explain cardio selective beta blockers.

AUTOCOIDS AND RELATED DRUGS

ANTIHISTAMINES

Short Answer Questions

1.Anti histamines

2.Levocetrizine

SELECTIVE COX-2 INHIBITORS

Short Answer Questions

1.COX II inhibitors

NSAIDS- CLASSIFICATION & USES

Long Answer Question

1.Classify NSAIDS. Discuss MOA, uses, adverse effects of Acetyl Salicylic Acid

DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Short Answer Question

1.Diclofenac Sodium

PARACETAMOL

Long Answer Question

1.Classify NSAIDS. Uses and adverse reaction of paracetamol and its acute poisoning and treatment

Short Answer Question:

1.Acute Paracetamol poisoning

ASPIRIN

Long Answer Question

1.Classify NSAIDS. Uses and adverse effects of Aspirin

Short Answer Questions

1.Brief note on prevention of gastritis due to Aspirin like drugs

2.Low dose of aspirin

3.Note on Clopidogrel

IBUPROFEN

Long Answer Question

1.Classify NSAIDS. MOA,Uses and adverse reaction of Ibuprofen

KETOROLAC

Short Answer Question

1.Ketorolac

MEFANEMIC ACID

Short Answer Question

1.Mefanamic Acid

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

DRUGS USED FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Long Answer Question

1.Classify drugs in Bronchial Asthma. Write in detail about role of Glucocorticoids in Bronchial asthma.

Short Answer Question

1.Mention the inhaler drugs in bronchial asthma.

STATUS ASTHAMATICUS

2M Question

1.Write a note on status asthmaticus

SALBUTAMOL

Short Answer Question

1.Add a note on Salbutamol

NASAL DECONGESTANTS

Short Answer Questions

1.Mention Nasal decongestants.

BRONCHODILATORS

2M Questions

1.Discuss ipratropium.

2.Mention four bronchodilators.

HORMONES AND RELATED DRUGS

ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS-CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Question

1.Ennumerate antidiabetic drugs. Write pharmacological action, uses and adverse effects of Insulin.

METFORMIN

Short Answer Question

1.Note on Metformin

NEWER INSULINS

2M Questions

1.Newer Insulins

SULPHONYL UREAS

2M Questions

1.Sulphonylureas

GLUCOCORTICOIDS CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Question

1.What are glucocorticoids. Mention them. Describe pharmacological actions adverse effects, indications and contraindications of hydrocortisone. Explain why glucocorticoid therapy should not be stopped abruptly.

GLUCOCORTICOIDS-MOA, USES & ADVERSE EFFECTS

Long Answer Questions

1.Classify corticosteroids. Write in detail uses and adverse effects of Glucocorticoids.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

2M Questions

1.Anabolic steroids

VITAMIN C

Short Answer Questions

1.Vitamin C

2.Explain why Vitamin C is given with iron in the treatment of anemia

3.Define Scurvy. And drugs used in this condition

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS

Short Answer Questions

1.Explain the therapeutic effects of skeletal muscle relaxants.

2.Skeletal muscle relaxants.

2M Questions

1.Centrally acting muscle relaxants

SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS_CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Questions

1.Describe skeletal muscle relaxants. Add a note on MOA, therapeutic uses and mention their adverse effects on any one of them

D-TUBOCURARINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Describe in brief about D-Tubocurarine.

2M Questions

1.Four differences between tubocurarine and succinylcholine

SUCCINYLCHOLINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Compare and contrast between succinylcholine and pancuronium.

2.Compare and contrast between succinylcholine and pancuronium.

3.Explain in brief about succinylcholine

2M Question

1.Explain succinylcholine in anesthesia.

NEOSTIGMINE

2M Question

1.Mention the rationale of using neostigmine in D-tubocurarine poisoning.

DANTROLENE

Short Answer Question

1.Describe Dantrolene sodium

LOCAL ANAESTHETICS

CLASSIFICATION

Long Answer Questions

1.Classify local anesthesia. Write various techniques by which LA can be administered with therapeutic applications.

Short Answer Questions

1.Long acting local anesthesia

Local Anaesthetics -MOA-types

Long Answer Question

1.Classify local anesthesia. Describe MOA, various routes of administration (with suitable illustrations) and uses of lignocaine. Write how the action of lignocaine can be prolonged. Add a note on the differences between lignocaine and cocaine.

Techniques of local anaesthesia

Short Answer Questions

1.List any four techniques used in local anesthesia.

LIGNOCAINE

Short Answer Questions

1.Explain pharmacological basis of Lignocaine with adrenaline

2M Questions

1.Lignocaine

2.Adverse effects of lignocaine

Cocaine, procaine, Xylocaine, Mepivacaine

2M Questions

1.Xylocaine

2.Lidocaine

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM