General Physiology

Short Answer Questions

1. Coagulation pathway and cascade?

2. Integrate to pathology ICF and ECF.

3. Ionic basis of action potential.

4. Define physiological role of Na+ K+ ATPase pump with diagram.

Haematology

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the stages of erythropoiesis. What are the factors required for erythropoiesis.

2. Define haemostasis. Explain the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism of coagulation. Name any two anticoagulants.

3. Explain in detail the mechanism of clotting of blood.

4. Explain the Intrinsic mechanism of coagulation. What is hemophilia?

5. Explain the events in neuromuscular transmission. Add a note on drugs acting on it.

Short Answer Questions

1. Describe fate of haemoglobin following haemolysis.

2.  Explain any five properties of skeletal muscle.

Gastrointestinal physiology

Long Answer Questions

1.  Explain in detail the composition, functions and regulation of Salivary secretion.

2. Explain the mechanism of secretion of HCL and briefly about its regulation.

Short Answer Questions

1. Function of saliva.

2. Functions of Gastric juice.

3. Explain functions of pancreatic juice.

Role of Salivary secretions on Oral health

Short Answer Questions

1. Explain second phase of deglutition.

Renal Physiology

Long Answer Questions

1. Define glomerular filtration rate. Describe the determinants, regulation and factors affecting the glomerular filtration rate

2. Draw a neat well labelled diagram of juxta-glomerular apparatus and describe the Renin-Angiotensin pressure in detail. Aldosterone mechanism for regulation of blood.

Short Answer Questions

1. Mechanism of urine formation.

2. Describe the nerve supply to the urinary bladder with a neat diagram.

3. Define counter-current mechanism of urine concentration.

Endocrine physiology

Long Answer Questions

1. What is the normal serum calcium level. Name the hormones regulating it. Describe the physiological functions of parathormone.

2. Explain the action of growth hormones. Add a note on Acromegaly.

3.  Name the hormones of posterior pituitary. Explain the functions of each of them. Mention the features of Diabetes Insipidus.

4.  List the hormones from anterior pituitary. Explain the functions and disorders associated with any of them.

5.  Explain the synthesis of Thyroxine. Add a note on Thyrotoxicosis

6.  Describe the hormonal regulation of serum calcium.

7. List the hormones of adrenal cortex. Explain the actions of glucocorticoids and add a note on Cushing's syndrome.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Aldosterone. Describe the regulation of synthesis of aldosterone.

2. Renin-Angiotensin mechanism.

Reproductive physiology

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the functions of Progesterone and Oestrogen.

Cardiovascular physiology

Long Answer Questions

1. Describe the cardiac cycle. state the causes of heart sounds occurring during the cycle.

2. Cardiac output, cardiac cycle, coronary circulation and ECG

3. Define blood pressure. Enumerate different mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Describe baroreceptor mechanism of BP regulation.

4.  Define blood pressure. Give the normal values. Explain the regulation of blood pressure.

Short Answer Questions

1. Describe the conducting system of the heart.

2.  Explain the factors affecting venous return.

3.  Coronary circulation.

4. Draw a neat labelled diagram of normal ECG and explain the basis of each wave and interval.

Respiratory system

Long Answer Questions

1. Define chemical regulation of respiration in detail.

2. Name the respiratory centres. Explain the neural regulation of respiration

3. Draw and label spirogram. Describe the lung volumes and capacities measured by spirometer. Add a note on vital capacity.

Short Answer Questions

1. Describe oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve. List the factors affecting it.

2. Where are peripheral chermoreceptors present? What Is their role in regulation of respiration.

3. Oxygen-dissociation Curve.

4. Define hypoxia, discuss different types of hypoxia.

Neurophysiology

Long Answer Questions

1. Explain neural regulation in detail.

2. Enumerate ascending tracts in spinal cord. Describe pathway, of tasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus. Which sensations are carned by it.

3. Describe origin course termination and functions of cortico-spinal tract and add a note on babinski sign.

4. Describe anatomy, functions and disorders of basal ganglia.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is reffered pain and theories of reffered pain.

2. Composition and functions of Cerebrospinal fluid.

3. What are the functional divisions of Cerebellum. Give the functions of each division.

4.  Describe the frontal lobe and its functions.

Special senses

Short Answer Questions

1. Trace the taste pathway.

2. Describe the errors of refraction and their correction in the eye.

3. Describe the visual pathway.