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Public Health Dentistry- previous year questions

INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH

Short Answer Questions

  1. Dentist act of India 1948.
  2. Indian Dental Association.
  3. Objectives and functions of IDA.
  4. Dental council of india.
  5. What are the functions and responsibilities of DCI?
  6. Define public health. Describe in detail about the changing concepts of public health.
  7. What is primary health care? What are the principles of primary health care.
  8. Define dentistry. What are the aims and objectives of dentistry.
2M Questions
  1. Office bearers of IDA.
  2. Functions of IDA.
  3. Composition of Dental Council of India.
  4. Functions of DCI.
  5. Changing concepts of health care.
  6. Primary health centre.
  7. Define dentistry.
  8. Germ theory of disease.
  9. Natural history of disease.

GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define Epidemiology? Describe in detail various steps in descriptive epidemiological study?
  2. Classify Epidemiological methods? Discuss in detail case control study.
  3. Define epidemiology. Describe in detail analytical epidemiology.
  4. Compare cohort and case-control studies with example.
  5. What is epidemiology? Classify different types of epidemiological investigation and describe analytical epidemiology in detail.
  6. Define and classify epidemiology. Explain the experimental epidemiology in detail.
  7. Classify epidemiology. Explain in detail randomized control trials.
Short Answer Questions
  1. What are the aims and principles of epidemiology?
  2. Tools of measurement in epidemiology.
  3. Basic measurements in epidemiology.
  4. Uses of epidemiology.
  5. Epidemiological triad.
  6. Association and causation.
  7. Explain the relation between incidence and prevalence.
  8. Incidence.
  9. Prevalence.
  10. Descriptive epidemiology.
  11. Steps of descriptive epidemiology.
  12. Short term fluctuations.
  13. Advantages and disadvantages of case control study.
  14. Elements of cohort study.
  15. Define a cohort and explain in detail about cohort study.
  16. Bias in cohort study.
  17. Bias in case control study.
  18. Experimental epidemiology.
  19. Randomized controlled trials.
  20. Define epidemiology and classify epidemiological methods. Discuss the steps in randomized controlled trials.
  21. Non-randomized controlled trials.
2M Questions
  1. Define epidemiology.
  2. Rate.
  3. Ratio.
  4. Proportion.
  5. Measures of mortality.
  6. Measures of morbidity.
  7. Crude death rate.
  8. Case fatality rate.
  9. Infant mortality rate.
  10. Types of epidemics.
  11. Point source epidemics.
  12. Propagated epidemics.
  13. Slow or modern epidemics.
  14. Point prevalence.
  15. Period prevalence.
  16. Matching in case control study.
  17. Relative risk.
  18. Attributable risk.
  19. Prospective cohort studies.
  20. Retrospective cohort studies.
  21. Post hoc bias.
  22. Confounding factor.
  23. Berkson's berkesonian bias.
  24. Bias.


HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define health education. List of objectives and principles of health education in detail.
  2. Define health education. Describe the principles of health education.
  3. Define health education. Explain its principles and barriers. How do you overcome these barriers.
  4. Define dental health education. Discuss its principles and classify its barriers. Add a note on audiovisual aids in dental health education.
  5. Define health education. What are the various methods of health education.
  6. Define health, health education and propaganda. Describe the various methods of dental health education at individual, group and mass approach.
  7. Define health education. Describe in detail about the various methods of health communication.
Short Answer Questions
  1. What are the objectives of health education.
  2. Contents of health education.
  3. Visual aids in health education.
  4. What are the educational aids used in health education.
  5. Classify the various audiovisual aids in dental health education.
  6. Methods of health education.
  7. Define communication.Write the components of communication.
  8. Types of communication.
  9. Barriers in communication.
2M Questions
  1. Credibility.
  2. Two-way communication.
  3. Auditory aids in health education.
  4. Audiovisual aids.
  5. Mass media.

ETHICS

Short Answer Questions

  1. Hippocratic oath.
  2. Ethical principles.
  3. Define ethics. Enumerate principles of ethics. Add a note on unethical practice.
  4. Dental professional ethics. Ethical rules for dentists.
2M Questions
  1. To do not harm.
  2. To do good.
  3. Informed consent.
  4. Consent.
  5. Ethical principles.
  6. Confidentiality.
  7. Autonomy.
  8. Some unethical practices.

MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE

Short Answer Questions

  1. Consent.
  2. Consumer protection act.
  3. Professional negligence.
  4. Legal avenues for aggrieved patients.

NUTRITION AND ORAL HEALTH

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define nutrition and oral health in detail.
  2. Define diet and nutrition. Discuss the epidemiological studies in-relation to diet and dental caries. Add a note on sugar substitutes.
Short Answer Questions
  1. Define nutrition. Outline classification of nutrients. Discuss the role of trace elements in dental caries.
  2. The role of diet in dental caries.
2M Questions
  1. Sugar substitutes.

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define potable water. Steps for purification of water on a large scale.
  2. Define potable water. Describe in detail the various methods of purification of water.
  3. What are the various methods of purification of water on a large scale.
  4. Define safe and wholesome water. Explain rapid sand filtration.
  5. Explain various methods of disposal of solid waste.
Short Answer Questions
  1. Household purification of water.
  2. Role of chlorination and purification of water.
  3. Disinfection of wells.
  4. Slow sand filter.
  5. What is safe and wholesome water? Enumerate the methods of purification of water at community level. Add a note on rapid sand filtration method.
  6. The small scale purification of water.
  7. Define potable water. Describe water purification using rapid sand filters. Add a note of backwashing.
  8. Enumerate the steps in water purification. Describe rapid sand filtration method.
  9. Enumerate the guidelines for drinking water quality.
  10. Dumping.
  11. Disposal of solid waste.
  12. Controlled tipping/sanitary landfill.
  13. What is composting? Explain the steps in anaerobic method of composting.
  14. Incineration. Types of incinerators.
  15. Disposal of health care waste.
  16. Categories of health care waste.
  17. Steam disinfection/wet thermal treatment.
  18. Chemical disinfection.

2M Questions

  1. Sources of water.
  2. Chlorination.
  3. Rapid sand filtration.
  4. Vital layer.
  5. Breakpoint chlorination.
  6. Composting.
  7. Bangalore method/hot fermentation process.
  8. Manure pits.
  9. Methods of solid waste disposal.
  10. Pyrolytic incinerators.
  11. Rotary kiln.
  12. Encapsulation.
  13. Microwave irradiation.

HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

Long Answer Questions

  1. Explain health care sectors in India.
  2. Describe in detail the dental health care delivery systems in India.
Short Answer Questions
  1. National health programmes in India.
  2. Define health. Describe health care delivery systems in India.
  3. UNICEF
  4. WHO
2M Questions
  1. Levels of health care in India.
  2. Anganwadi workers.
  3. World health day.
  4. Functions of UNICEF.
  5. 3 main tiers of health system in India.


DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define epidemiology. Describe the epidemiological triad in-relation to dental caries.
  2. Define epidemiology. Discuss host, agent and environmental factors in-relation to dental caries.
  3. Define epidemiology. Discuss in detail about the epidemiological triad of dental caries. Add a note on time factor.
  4. What are the etiological factors in dental caries and theories of caries etiology.
Short Answer Questions
  1. Stephen curve.
  2. Host factors in dental caries occurance.
  3. Primary prevention of dental caries.
  4. Prevention of dental caries.
  5. Dental caries vaccine.
  6. Colorimetric synder test.
  7. Alban test.
  8. Caries activity/susceptibility test.
  9. Lactobacillus colony test.
  10. Cariogram.
  11. Vipeholm study.
  12. Turku sugar study.
  13. Hopewood house study.
  14. Role of diet in dental caries.
  15. Trace elements in dental caries.
2M Questions
  1. Etiological factors in dental caries.
  2. Miller's chemico-parasitic theory.
  3. Proteolytic theory.
  4. S mutans level in saliva test for dental caries.
  5. Role of microorganisms in caries.

DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

Short Answer Questions

  1. Host factors in epidemiology of periodontal disease.
  2. What are the local risk factors in the etiology of periodontal disease.
  3. Disclosing agents.
  4. Various methods of prevention of periodontal disease.
  5. Oral hygiene aids.
  6. Interdental cleansing aids.
  7. Dental floss.
  8. Chemical plaque control.
  9. Dentrifices.
  10. Tooth brushing techniques.
  11. Describe the chemical plaque control aids.
  12. Describe the mechanical plaque control aids.
  13. Define dental plaque control and classify the methods of plaque control. Explain in detail mechanical plaque control methods.
  14. The role of toothbrush in plaque control.
2M Questions
  1. Etiology of periodontal disease.
  2. Agents used for disclosing plaque.
  3. Types of toothbrushes.
  4. Powered toothbrushes.
  5. Bass method.
  6. Modified bass method.
  7. Fones method/circular /scrub method.
  8. Techniques for using dental floss.
  9. Classification of chemical plaque control agent.
  10. Chlorhexidine.
  11. Oral irrigators.

DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH

Short Answer Questions

  1. What are the risk factors for oral cancer.
  2. Smoked tobacco.
  3. Smokeless tobacco.
  4. What are the constituents of tobacco.
  5. Explain the various smoking and smokeless forms of tobacco used in India.
  6. TNM system for tumor staging.
  7. Global initiatives and prevention of oral cancer.
  8. Levels of prevention of oral cancer.
  9. Enumerate the approaches for prevention and control of oral cancer.
  10. Nicotine replacement therapy.
  11. Screening test for oral cancer.
2M Questions
  1. Khaini.
  2. Mainpuri tobacco.
  3. Smoker's palate.
  4. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
  5. Antidepressants for tobacco cessation.
  6. Regulatory approach in prevention and control of oral cancer.

PLANNING AND EVALUATION

Short Answer Questions

  1. Define planning. Explain uses, types and steps in planning process.
  2. What are the various steps in planning process.
  3. Define evaluation. Explain the steps in evaluating a public health program.
  4. Define evaluation. Explain types and steps of evaluation.

SURVEY

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define survey. How will you estimate prevalence of dental caries among school child.
  2. Define survey. What are the types of survey? Explain uses and steps of surveying.
  3. Define survey. Discuss in detail the various steps in survey. Enumerate path finder surveys. Add a note on index age groups.
  4. Define survey. Mention the index age groups for national oral health survey. Discuss in detail the steps in surveying.
  5. Define survey. Describe in detail the procedural steps in conducting an epidemiological survey.
  6. Define survey. Describe the steps in survey.
Short Answer Questions

  1. Types of surveys.
  2. Classification of types of inspection and examination survey.
  3. Define survey and describe the procedural steps in conducting the survey.
  4. National pathfinder survey.
2M Questions

  1. Pilot survey.
  2. Index age groups.
  3. Training and calibration of examiners.
  4. Pathfinder survey.

INDICES

Long Answer Questions

  1. What is index? Give broad classification of indices used for dental epidemiological investigation and state ideal requirements of an index.
  2. Classify indices. Explain in detail the oral hygiene index.
Short Answer Questions

  1. Ideal requisities of index.
  2. Describe the ideal characteristics of indices. Explain in detail about Russel's periodontal index.
  3. Define index. What are the ideal requisities of an index.
  4. DMFT Index.
  5. Plaque index.
  6. Gingival index.
  7. Oral hygiene index simplified.
  8. Define oral hygiene. Discuss simplified oral hygiene index.
  9. Russel's periodontal index.
  10. Dean's fluorosis index.
  11. CPITN
  12. Define index. Describe CPITN with its objectives, scoring system, advantages and limitations.
  13. CPI index.
  14. DMFS index.
  15. Def index.
  16. WHO index age groups.

DENTAL MANPOWER

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define dental auxiliaries. Function of various dental auxiliaries.
  2. Define dental auxiliary. Discuss need for development of dental auxiliary. Note on function of school dental nurse.
  3. Explain non-operating dental auxiliaries in detail.
  4. Describe operating dental auxiliary.
Short Answer Questions
  1. Operating auxiliaries.
  2. Expanded function dental auxiliary.
  3. School dental nurse.
  4. Dental therapist.
  5. Duties of dental assistant.
  6. Denturist.
  7. Dental hygienist.
  8. Define and classify dental auxiliary. Enlist the functions of dental therapist.
  9. Define dental auxiliary. Explain the various dental auxiliaries and its functions.
  10. Explain the duties of non-operating and operating dental auxiliaries.
  11. Enlist all the dental manpower involved in provision of oral health care services. Add a note on the role of dental hygienists.
  12. New auxiliary types.

SCHOOL ORAL HEALTH PROGRAMMES

Long Answer Questions

  1. Define school health services. What are the objectives and components of school oral health program. Write a note on THETA program.
  2. Define school health services. Explain tattle tooth program in detail.
Short Answer Questions

  1. Describe the aims and objectives of school dental health programme and add a note on the concept of incremental dental care.
  2. Components of school oral health program.
  3. Flouride mouth rinse program.
  4. THETA program.
  5. Texas statewide prevention dentistry program.
  6. Incremental care.
  7. Differentiate incremental and comprehensive dental care.
  8. Comprehensive care.
2M Questions
  1. Blanket referral.
  2. Incremental dental care.


FINANCES

Long Answer Questions

  1. Describe mechanism of payment for dental care.
  2. Classify methods of payment in dental care. Write in detail about prepayment plans.

Short Answer Questions

  1. Private third-party prepayment plans.
  2. Reimbursement of dentist in prepayment plans.
  3. Explain in detail about various mechanisms of payment for dental care.
  4. Delta dental plans.
2M Questions

  1. Post payment plans in finance.
  2. Capitation fee
  3. Health maintenance organization.
  4. Insurable risk.
  5. Financing dental heath services in India.
  6. 90th percentile.

FLOURIDES

Long Answer Questions

  1. What is the mechanism of action of fluoride in caries reduction. Discuss various professionally applied fluoride delivery methods in detail.
  2. Classify topical fluorides. Discuss in detail various topical fluorides in prevention of dental caries.
  3. Classify various delivery methods of flouride in dentistry. Describe in detail various methods of professionally applied topical flouride delivery system.
  4. Define water fluoridation. Discuss different methods of water fluoridation.
  5. Define defluoridation. Classify the methods of defluoridation. Explain in detail about Nalgonda technique.
Short Answer Questions

  1. Anticaries mechanism of action of fluoride.
  2. Write short note on professional topical application of fluorides.
  3. Self applied topical fluoride.
  4. Fluoride vehicle.
  5. Neutral sodium fluoride.
  6. Stannous fluoride.
  7. Flouride varnish.
  8. Knutson's technique.
  9. Acidulated phosphate fluoride.
  10. Dentrifices.
  11. Community water fluoridation.
  12. Classify systemic fluorides and write in detail about systemic fluoridation.
  13. Salt fluoridation.
  14. Milk fluoridation.
  15. Acute toxicity of fluorides.
  16. Management of acute fluoride toxicity.
  17. What is safely tolerated dose and certainly lethal dose of fluoride. Explain briefly about acute and chronic fluoride toxicity.
  18. Define dental fluorosis. Discuss Dean's fluorosis index.
  19. Nalgonda technique of defluoridation.
  20. Defluoridation of water.
  21. Classify topical fluorides. Explain defluoridation of water in detail.
  22. Define defluoridation. Explain in detail about Nalgonda technique.
2M Questions

  1. Duraphat
  2. Carex
  3. Fluoride varnish.
  4. Acidulated phosphate fluoride application.
  5. Newburgh kingston study.
  6. Evanston Oak Park study.
  7. Safely tolerated dose.
  8. Certainly lethal dose.
  9. Flouride toxicity.
  10. Ion exchange dose.
  11. Ion exchange resins.
  12. Carbion.
  13. Defluoron 1.
  14. Defluoron 2.
  15. Squat sanchis method.


PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS

Short Answer Questions

  1. Define fissure sealants. Types of pit and fissure sealants.
  2. Indications and contraindications of pit and fissure sealants.
  3. Preventive resin restoration.
  4. What is the procedure for sealant application?
  5. Define pit and fissure sealants. What are the different generations of pit and fissure sealants? Discuss the steps in sealant application.
  6. Classify pit and fissure sealants. Explain steps in pit and fissure sealant application.


ATRAUMATIC RESTORATIVE TREATMENT (ART)

Short Answer Questions

  1. Principles for Atraumatic restorative treatment.
  2. Procedure for Atraumatic restorative treatment.
  3. What is the need for Atraumatic restorative equipment?
2M Questions

  1. Advantages of Atraumatic restorative treatment.
  2. Atraumatic restorative treatment.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS

Long Answer Questions

  1. Why sampling is carried out in research? Write in detail about different methodologies with an example.
  2. What is data? Give its type. Describe various ways of presentation of data.
Short Answer Questions

  1. Define sample. What are the ideal requirement of a sample.
  2. Define sampling. What are the various sampling methods.
  3. What is the purpose of oral health research?
  4. Types of tables for presentation of data.
  5. Define biostatistics. Describe different methods of presentation of data.
  6. The various methods of presentation of data.
  7. Measures of central tendency.
  8. Measures of dispersion.
  9. Normal curve Gaussian distribution.
  10. Test of significance.
  11. Define Biostatistics. Uses of biostatistics.
  12. Define research. Explain the steps in research methodology.
2M Questions

  1. Define sampling frame.
  2. Advantages of sampling.
  3. Quota sampling.
  4. Simple sampling.
  5. Systemic sampling.
  6. Multistage sampling.
  7. Errors in sampling.
  8. Non-probability sampling.
  9. Probability and sampling techniques.
  10. Pictogram.
  11. Histogram.
  12. Pie diagram.
  13. Methods of collection of data.
  14. Methods of presentation of data.
  15. Arithmetic mean.
  16. Median.
  17. Mode.
  18. Measures of central tendency.
  19. Normal curve.
  20. Chi square test.
  21. Correlation.

OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

Short Answer Questions

  1. What are the biological hazards in dentistry?
  2. Chemical hazards.
  3. Physical hazards.
  4. Psychological hazards.
2M Questions

  1. Clinical manifestation of aids.

ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF DENTAL OFFICE

Short Answer Questions

  1. What is the goal of practice management and explain dental office setting?
2M Questions

  1. Selection of equipment for dental practice.
  2. Place and locality of dental practice.

MOBILE DENTAL CLINIC

Short Answer Questions

  1. What are the goals and objectives of mobile dental services? Enumerate the design of mobile dental clinic.
  2. Give example of some mobile dental clinic.

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